brain drain
a situation in which many educated or professional people leave a particular place or profession and move to another one that gives them better pay or living conditions
THE CAUSES
_Emigrants due to lack of employment and low salaries, and thus people are tempted tolook for better salaries elsewhere - here, we talk about Economicfactors.
_The second cause of migration is political instability in home countries, thus theylose confidence to their governmentsand future prospects for a better life.
_ - Migration takingplace in response to wars, and political and social turmoil.
_leaving theirfamily and workplace behind with the hope that a better life can be achievedelsewhere, despite their well being at home
_those who seek asylumwhich deteriorates their lives and become `ashamed` of themselves to return home emptyhanded - Immigration flow due to lack of information and misguidance.
_ are either tempted by significantly higher wages and better future prospects or give the blame to the political situation, which they say is a threat even for their lives_Better working conditions;• Higher wages and income.
• Unsatisfactory living conditions, lack oftransport, housing, etc.
• Under-utilization of qualified personnel;lack of satisfactory working conditions;low prospect of professional development
• Lack of research and other facilities,including support staff; inadequacy of research funds, lack of professional equipment and tools.
THE EFFECTS
_ depleting its natural supply of intellectual talent.
_losing thousands of their highly educated workers for the benefits of the richcountries and individuals themselves lent.
_and it is costing the continent $4 billion dollars a year to replace them with expatriates from the West
**Reduces the already low quantity ofskilled manpower available in African countries and needed for theirdevelopment.
• Reduces numbers of dynamic andinnovative people, whether entrepreneurs or academics• Increases dependence on foreign technical assistance** Slows the transfer of technology and widens the gap between African and industrialized countries
Suggested solutions
•establish necessary and positive political, social and economic conditions that would serve as incentives to curb the brain drain.**Better working conditions;•develop and valorize Africa's humanresources and createjob and career opportunities .•Respect and consolidation of human rightsand democracy,namely freedom of speech.•establish necessary and positivepolitical, social and economic conditions that would serve as incentives to curb the brain drain.
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